Imyaka irindwi irashize u Rwanda rufashe gahunda idasanzwe yo kurwanya imirire mibi n’igwingira mu bana kuko cyari ikibazo gihangayikishije cyane bijyanye n’imibare yagaragaraga.
Hashyizweho gahunda zitandukanye mu guhangana n’iki kibazo zirimo kwegereza ubuvuzi abaturage, kubaka uturima tw’igikoni n’ibiti by’imbuto, kwigisha abantu uko amafunguro ategurwa, gahunda y’amarerero n’izindi.
Byaje byunganirwa n’inkunga ya Banki y’Isi ibinyujije mu mushinga wayo wo kurwanya igwingira n’imirire mibi mu bana, SPRP, wibanda ku turere 10 twagaragaragamo iki kibazo kurusha utundi.
Ni uturere twa Nyamagabe, Nyaruguru, Rubavu, Nyabihu, Rusizi, Karongi, Ruhango, Bugesera, Ngororero na Rutsiro.
Ubusanzwe imirire mibi n’igwingira pibimwa hagendewe ku bintu bitatu birimo uburebure ugereranije n’imyaka umuntu afite, ibiro ku burebure n’ibiro ku myaka.
Kugeza ubu ubushakashatsi bwa Gatandatu ku buzima n’imibereho by’abaturage, RDHS (Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey) bwakoze n’Ikigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ibarurishamibare [NISR], bwerekana ko 33% by’abana bari munsi y’imyaka itanu mu Rwanda bafite ikibazo cyo kugwingira.
Bwerekana ko muri aba harimo abagera ku 9% bagwingiye ku buryo bukabije, umwe ku ijana agaragaza ibiro bike ugereranyije n’uburebure. Abana bagera ku 8% bari munsi y’ibiro bisabwa ugereranyije n’imyaka bafite naho 6% bafite ibiro byinshi.
Ni igwingira ryagabanutseho 5% ugereranyije n’ubushakashatsi bwa NISR bwo mu 2015 bwerekanaga ko 38% bari bafite igwigira na 14% muri bo baragwingiye bikabije.
Byari bihangayikishije ku buryo wasanganga n’abana bari munsi y’amezi atandatu bafite iki kibazo.
Mu kugenzura aho ibikorwa byo kugabanya iri gwingira rigeze, Ikigo cy’Igihugu gishinzwe Ubuzima, RBC cyatangiye kuzenguruka utu turere 10 hafatwa ingamba ku bibazo bikigaragara kugira ngo mu 2024 hazagere igwingira mu bana rigeze ku 19%.
Ku ikubitiro hatangiriwe ku turere twa Nyamagabe, Nyaruguru, Nyabihu na Rubavu.
Akarere ka Nyamagabe kageze kuri 33.6%, kavuye kuri 51.8% mu gihe aka Nyaruguru kari kuri 39% kavuye kuri 41% naho Nyabihu yo ikaba iri kuri 46% ivuye kuri 59%, Akarere ka Rubavu ko kageze kuri 40.2% kavuye kuri 46%.
Mu gihe hasigaye umwaka umwe n’igice ngo igihe u Rwanda rwihaye cyo kuba nibura imibare y’igwingira izaba igeze kuri 19%, kugeza ubu imibare iracyari hejuru, ibintu Umukozi muri RBC ushinzwe ubukangurambaga ku kurwanya igwingira, Dusingize Clemence avuga ko icyari gikenewe cyane kwari ukuzamura imyumvire.
Dusingize avuga ko umushinga wa Banki y’Isi uri kugana ku musozo wari uwo kwihutisha iyi gahunda bityo ko ubumenyi abagenerwabikorwa bakuyemo buzabafasha mu guhamya intego ya 2024.
Ati “Inzego zose zaba iz’ubuyobozi ndetse n’abaturage iyo uganiriye nabo wumva ko barajwe ishinga no kugera ku ntego. Mu ntambwe dutera nitwirinda gusubira inyuma tuzagera ku ntego.”
Haracyarimo birantega
Mu rugendo rwo kurwanya imirire mibi hafashwe gahunda zitandukanye zirimo gufasha abatishoboye bo mu cyiciro cya kabiri n’icya mbere ndetse no kuzamurira imyumvire abo mu byiciro byo hejuru bifashije kuko iyo urebye nabi urwaza igwingira kabone n’iyo waba wifite.
Umuyobozi w’Akarere ka Nyamagabe wungirije ushinzwe iterambere ry’imibereho myiza y’abaturage Uwamariya Agnès, avuga ko igwingira ritareberwa ku bakene gusa ahubwo ko no kubifite rishobora kubageraho mu gihe habayemo uburangare.
Ati “Ahubwo tubirebere mu buryo bwagutse n’umwana ashobora kuvuka kuri Visi Meya (Vice Mayor) nkanjye ariko akazagwingira kuko hari byinshi bititaweho. Abantu ntibakwiye gutekereza ko igwingira rigirwa n’abakene gusa n’abakire bararigira.”
Mugenzi we wo mu Karere ka Rubavu Ishimwe Pacifique, we avuga ko iyo hagaragaye uwo mu muryango wifite ariko urwaje imirire mibi bihutira kumenyesha umubyeyi we ko umwana afite ikibazo akitabwaho hanyuma bagashyiraho gahunda yo kwigisha.
Ati “Dufite umufatanyabikorwa utanga ibiganiro 12 ku kuzamura uburere bw’umwana ku miryango ifite abana bari munsi y’imyaka itatu, mu gutanga ibiganiro rero duhera kuri iyo ifite ibibazo n’utari ubizi akabimenya agahindura imikorere.”
Ikindi kibazo kirimo kubangamira iyi gahunda yo kurandura imirire mibi ni abaturage bashyizwe mu cyiciro cya gatatu bagafatwa nk’abishoboye bigatiza umurindi imirire mibi kuko ntacyo baba bafite kugira ngo bite ku bana babo.
Nyirazigama Thérèse ni umwe muri aba baturage bo mu Karere ka Nyaruguru, avuga ko yashyizwe mu cyiciro cya gatatu, ibyatumye adahabwa ifu ya shisha kibondo kuko yafatwaga nk’uwishoboye kandi mu by’ukuri ari ntaho nikora.
Ati “Mfite abana babiri, uwari kuba anywa Shisha Kibondo afite imyaka ibiri. Kuva namutwita ntayo nigeze mbona. Abana bahawe iyi fu ntaho bahuriye n’abanjye kuko abanjye mbona baragwingiye.”
Avuga ko uko byagenze atakuzi ariko kugeza ubu asaba kurebwaho abana bagatabarwa dore ko abahanga bavuga ko umwana iyo arengeje imyaka ibiri bigorana kugira ngo agarurwe mu buzima bwiza.
Muhongayire Geneviève ushinzwe imirire myiza ku Kigo nderabuzima cya Ngera mu Karere ka Nyaruguru uvuga ko hashobora kuba harabayemo ikibazo mu kubashyira mu byiciro.
Ati “Abantu bari mu cyiciro cya gatatu nabo bagira ibibazo by’igwingira n’imirire mibi y’abana. Nk’ubu umwana nsigaranye urwaye bwaki ni uwo mu cyiciro cya gatatu.”
Yemeza ko abagwingiye bo mu cyiciro cya gatatu kandi bo baba batari ku rutonde rw’abafata Shisha Kibondo, agasobanura ko impamvu ari uko usanga bari muri icyo cyiciro kandi batagikwiriye.
Ati “Ku buryo umwana ujya kumureba ugasanga yamaze kugwingira nta kindi wamufasha usibye ibiganiro.”
Muhongayire avuga ko hakenewe kuvugurura ibyiciro by’ubudehe ndetse no gukora ubukangurambaga kugira ngo ibibazo bicike.
Umuyobozi ushinzwe amarerero (ECDs) mu Karere ka Nyaruguru, Nsabumuremyi Janvier yavuze ko iyo abo mu cyiciro cya gatatu basanzweho ibibazo by’imirire mibi n’igwingira bafashwa ku buryo bwihuse.
Ati “Biterwa n’ubwoko bw’imirire mibi yagaragaweho. Iyo dusanze ari mu muhondo cyangwa mu mutuku niwe amaso y’akarere areba kuko iriya mirire mibi irica.”
Avuga ko iyo ari ibiro bike uyu mwana yagaragaje, bamufasha bijyanye na gahunda Leta yateganyije nko kumuha sosoma, amata binyuze muri gahunda ya Girinka.
Yongeraho ko ku rwego rw’Akarere bariya bana bo mu cyiciro cya gatatu baba bafite ibibazo byihariye hari ingengo y’imari yabateganyirijwe kugira ngo bajye bafashwa byihuse.
Dusingize Clemence ahamya ko amasomo abaturage bahawe muri iki gihe cy’umushinga wa Banki y’Isi, nibayakurikiza igwingira n’imirire mibi mu bana bizagabanyuka kugera ku kigero cyifuzwa.
Ati “Bwa bufatanye bwose bukomeza kwegerana n’utarabyumva uyu munsi ariko ejo ashobora kubyumva agahindura imyumvire.”
Yizeza ko n’ubwo umushinga wa Banki y’Isi uri kugana ku musozo bazakomeza gukora ubukangurambaga buvanze n’ubuvugizi kugira ngo intego ya 19% yitezwe kugerwaho mu 2024 igezweho.
