Nta mibare ihari igaragaza neza imbogamizi abagore b’abimukira n’impunzi bahura nazo mu kubyara muri U.S., gusa ku rwego rw’igihugu, abagore birabura bagira ibyago byikubye gatatu byo guhitanwa n’ibibazo buturuka ku gutwita ugereranyije na bagenzi babo b’abazungu. Ikindi kandi, nk’uko bitangazwa n’urwego rushinzwe kugenzura ibyorezo rwa U.S., abagore birabura nibo bafite amahirwe menshi yo kujya kunda mbere bityo bakabyara babazwe igihe babyara imbyaro zabo zambere.
Malembo M., afite imyaka 33, bakunze kumwita Elegance, yafate indege ava muri Angola ajya muri Brazil mu kwa kabiri 2022 ari kumwe n’umugabo we hamwe n’umwana wabo w’umukobwa ufite umwaka umwe. Ubwo bari bageze muri Brazil, yatangiye kuva. Ibipimo by’inda yafatiye mu bwiherero bw’indege bwerekanye ko yari atwite inda ya kabiri. Yakomeje gukora ingendo ibyumweru byinshi agenda n’imodoka, ubwato cyangwa se n’amaguru ari ko akomeje kuva. Urugendo rwe mu ishyamba agenda n’amaguru rwamaze iminsi itanu. Byageze aho, ubwo yari amaze iminsi aba mu ihema ku mupaka wa Texas, “insengero” – atibuka neza izo ari zo yabashije kumutegera imodoka hamwe n’umugabo we n’umwana we maze baza muri Maine. Ntabwo yigeze asaba kubonana na muganga iki gihe cyose – yari afite ubwoba bwinshi. Elegance yarokotse uru rugendo rutari rworoshye hamwe n’inda, maze abyara umwana muzima mu kwa cyenda 2022.
Inzego z’ubuzima zo ku rwego rw’igihugu ndetse n’izo ku rwego rwa leta ntabwo zibasha gutandukanya abirabura bavukiye muri Amerika ndetse n’abimukira b’abanyamerika ariko bavukiye muri Afurika ariko bakaba batuye muri U.S., bityo imibare yo muri U.S. ku buzima mu gihe umugore atwite cyangwa yonsa bw’abimukira n’impunzi nka Elegance ni mike cyane. Cyakora, imibare ituruka mu Burayi, bakuye mu bihugu bifite umubare w’abimukira n’impunzi ugenda wiyongera nka Sweden, yerekana ko abimukira n’impunzi baba bafite ibyago byinshi byo gupfa igihe batwite cyangwa se umwaka umwe nyuma yahoo ugereranyije n’abagore bavukiye muri Sweden. Aba kandi baba bafite ibyago byinshi byo guhura n’ingorane zituruka ku gutwita, kubyara abana bato, ndetse no kurwara indara yo kwiheba ikurikira ukubyara. Abagore b’abimukira muri Sweden bakomeje kandi gutanga amakuru ko bahabwa ubuvuzi bubogamye ndetse hakaba n’ubwo bakorerwa irondaruhu.
Muri U.S., abagore benshi b’abimukira ndetse n’impunzi usanga badafite imiryango bavukamo hafi yabo ngo ibashyigikire nk’uko byari bimeze mu bihugu bakomokamo. Ibi ni ko bimeze kuri Elegance, umaze umwaka hamwe n’umugabo n’umukobwa wabo muto mu cyumba cya hoteli Saco-area, atanazi neza uko iby’ibyo kubona ubwenegihugu bizagenda, kubona inzu, cyangwa se uko yabona ubundi bufasha bwose. Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko siteresi hamwe na byabindi bigaragaza uko umuntu afite ubuzima buzira umuze mu muryango nk’irondaruhu cyangwa kutagira inzu, byongerera umugore ibyago byo kugira ibibazo bishamikira ku gutwita—nk’umuvuduko w’amaraso, kujya kubise hakiri kare, gukenera kubyara abazwe, cyangwa se kubyara umwana muto.
Ibiganiro ku mibereho myiza ya tariki 9 z’ukwa Gatatu hizihizwa ukwezi ku kuzirikana ku mateka y’abirabura yateguwe n’umuryango Cross Cultural Services of Lewinston byibanze ku buzima bw’abagore birabura batwite muri Maine, haganirwa ku cyuho kiboneka ku bijyanye n’ibara ry’uruhu igihe umugore ageze kwa muganga. Nadi Kaonga, umuganga wimenyereza umwuga ku mwaka we wa kane mu gashami kavura abagore mu ivuriro Maine Medical Center, yari umwe mubatanze ibiganiro. Irondaruhu riri mu miterere n’imikorere mu rwego rw’ubuzima risobanuye ko abimukira n’impunzi bafite amahirwe make yo kwitabwaho n’umuntu usa nabo, cyangwa uvuga ururimi rwabo. Kaonga avuga kandi ko ibi bitera siteresi nyinshi ababyeyi. Asobanura agakamaro ko kwita ku bijyanye n’umuco igihe uri gukorana n’ababyeyi. Avuga ku mikorere ye bwite, yavuze ko “iteka ngerageza kuzirikana ku buzima umurwayi wanjye yanyuzemo mbere y’uko bagera mu cyumba cyakirirwamo abakeneye ubuvuzi bwihuse cyangwa se mu cyumba cyanjye cy’isuzuma”
Muri U.S., abagore bose bafite ibyago bike byo kugorwa n’inda bagirwa inama yo kureba umuganga wabo inshuro ziri hagati y’10 na 15 mbere yo kubyara. Cyakora abaganga bose baganirijwe dukora iyi nkuru batangaje ko abagore batwite b’abimukira n’impunzi bitaho begereye abaganga binyuze mu buryo batizeye neza, bibwira ko hari ikintu kibi kigiye kubakorwa cyangwa se gukorerwa abana babo. Ubundi bwoba bagaragaje ni uko bavugaga ko buri wese ubyariye muri U.S., abagwa. Aya makuru atari yo (umugore umwe gusa muri batatu babyarira muri Maine niwe ubagwa) atuma nta kizere, bigatuma abagore batagana inzego z’ubuvuzi. Dr. Anne M. Van Hengel, umwe mubagize komite yita ku bagore benda cyangwa se bamaze kubyara muri Maine, itsinda rya leta rigamije kuzamura ireme ry’ubuvuzi ababyeyi n’abanabahabwa, yagize ati “kutagirira ikizere ubuvuzi bibabuza kugera ku buvuzi bufite ireme”.
Gutinya kugana muganga bishobora gushyira mu kaga umubyeyi ndetse n’umwana. Nyamara nk’uko bitangazwa na Dr. Kaonga wo mu ivuriro Maine Medical Center, hamwe na Dr. Lisa Parsons, ukorera Maine Medical Center ndetse akanikorera, umuntu wa mbere abagore b’abimukira batwite bahamagara ni agashami gashinzwe ubutabazi. Umuryango mugari nawo ushobora cyane gukwirakwiza amakuru atari ukuri. Urugero, abanda bagore bagiriye inama Elegance yo kudafata vitamine yandikiwe n’icyumba gitanga ubuvuzi bw’ibanze ubwo yari akigera muri Maine.
Ubwo yari ageze mu gihembwe cye cya kabiri afite umwana muto cyane, ari nako afite isereri, Elegance yabonye ko hari ikitagenda. “Yahisemo kutumva ibihuha” (mu magambo ye) maze asubira kureba muganga, maze, afashijwe n’umusemuzi – amwemeza gufata vitamine. Kuri ubu agira inama abagore bose ahura nabo kuri hoteli kudatega amatwi ibihuha, ahubwo bagaha agaciro ukubonana na muganga igihe inda ikiri not. Igishimishije, umwana we w’umuhungu yavutse ameze neza.
Abashinzwe kwita ku buzima bw’ababyeyi n’abana muri Maine nka Dr. Van Hengel na Dr. Kaona, bemera ko abafashamyumvire (CHWs) ari inzira nziza yo kugera ku buvuzi buhabwa abagore batwite bukagera ku bimukira n’impunzi . Grace Lapika ni umufashamyumvire uvuga indimi zitandukanye ukomoka muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo. Avuga indimi eshanu akaba yarahawe akazi muri gahunda MaineHealth’s Community-Informed Care Initiative. Mu kazi ke nk’umufashamyumvire, yafashije abagore batwite kubona imyenda n’impapuro zifashishwa n’abana, kuganira ku bijyanye n’imodoka zibatwara, kandi akora ku buryo buri muti bandikiwe ugomba kuba ufite amabwiriza asemuye mu rurimu umurwayi yumva. Arafasha kandi mu bijyanye no gukosora ibihuha n’amakuru atari ukuri ku birebana n’ubuvuzi buhabwa abagore batwite, nk’avuga ngo : “ntukajye kwa muganga, cyane cyane igihe inda ikiri not, kuko hari ubwo abantu batakwitaho neza, bikaba byatuma ukuramo inda”
Gutanga abasemuzi bahugukiwe iby’umuco ni igice cy’ingenzi mu guteza imbere ubuzima bw’ababyeyi muri Maine ku batavuga Icyongereza. Nk’uko bivugwa na Malvina Grefory, umuyobozi w’ishami rishinzwe ubusemuzi n’imico mu rwego rushinzwe ubuzima muri Maine, “ Kugira umusemuzi hahandi havurirwa abagore bishobora kuzamura cyane uburyo umurwayi abona ubuvuzi ahabwa.” Ikibabaje, ntabwo ari buri wese mu batavuga Icyongereza uzi neza ko afite uburenganzira bwo kubona umusemuzi igihe cyose agiye kubonana na muganga cyangwa kuvugana nawe. Ikindi kandi, hari umubare muto w’abasemuzi muri leta yose. Gregory asobanura ko Urwego rushinzwe ubuzima muri Maine ruri gutanga akazi ku basemuzi basemura Icyarabu, Igifaransa, Ikinyarwanda, Lingala na Spanish.
Abaganga muri leta batanga inama ko kuganiriza abagore batwite hamwe bishobora kugabanya ikiguzi bityo bikongera uburyo umurwayi yemera ubufasha ahabwa. Guhuriza hamwe abagore batwite byubaka amatsinda yizeranye kandi afashanya ku bagore batwite bashobora kuba bahuje imico. Abajyananama mu kubyara abana bafite ubuzima bwiza bajya inama ko abajyanama b’ubuzima bakwifashishwa cyane cyane mu gutangira amakuru hamwe ku bagore batwite b’abimukira n’impunzi muri Maine. Aba bagore, ntabwo ari abakozi b’inzego z’ubuzima ariko baba barahuguwe kuburyo batanga ubufasha mu bifatika, mu mitekerereze n’amarangamutima ku bagore batwite igihe batwite n’igihe bamaze kubyara. N’uko bitangazwa na New York Times, abajyanama b’ubuzima muri Sweden bakorana bya hafi n’ababyaza bagaragaje ko bafashije mu kugabanya ibyago by’amakuba yakwibasira umubyeyi igihe abyara mu bagore b’abimukira ndetse n’impunzi.
Mu gihe Elegance atigeze avugana n’umwe mu bafashamyumvire, ntiyitabire amatsinda y’abagore batwite, cyangwa ngo abe yavugana n’umujyanama w’ubuzima, avuga ko “yishimye cyane ubwo yamenyaga ko haboneka abasemuzi bo kumufasha”. Ku cyumba gitangirwamo ubuvuzi bw’ibanze, yarahumurijwe abwirwa ko ukuva kwe kwatewe n’urugendo runini yakoze, ndetse no kutabona indyo yuzuye. Abakora mu nzego z’ubuzima ndetse n’abasemuzi bubatse ikizere gihagije binyuze mu gusemura ndetse no gutanga ububuzi bwitondera cyane umuco w’umurwayi, bituma Elegance asubukura ibyo kwitabira gahunda za muganga zigamije kwita kuri we no kumwana yari atwite kugeza abyaye umuhungu we.
CDC ya Maine ndetse na gahunda yita ku buzima bw’umwana, itsinda rigizwe n’impuguke muri leta yose hamwe n’abafatanyabikorwa bakorana hagamijwe kuzamura ireme ry’ubuvuzi buhabwa ababyeyi n’abana muri Maine, bemera ko hari icyuho kinini ku mibare mu bijyanye no kubyara muri Maine. Mu gutanga ubufasha ngo hagaragare ishusho y’urwego rw’ubuvuzi bw’abagore muri Maine, batanga agahimbazamusyi ndetse n’ubusemuzi ku baturage ba Maine nka Elegance bashaka kuvuga inkuru zabo. Ikigamijwe ni uko binyuze mu gutanga amakuru y’ukuri no kwegeranya imibare, gutanga ufubasha ku matsinda y’abagore batwite ndetse n’abajyanama b’ubuzima, ibi bikaza byunganira abafashamyumvire n’abasemuzi – abagore batwite bazizera urwego rw’ubuzima kurushaho, bagane inzego z’ubuzima, bityo bigirire umumaro bo ubwabo ndetse n’abana babo.
