Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku buzima (OMS) rigira inama ababyeyi konsa umwana kuva akivuka, agatungwa n’amashereka yonyine nta kindi avangiwe kugeza agize amezi atandatu.
Ibi ni nabyo Leta y’u Rwanda isaba buri mubyeyi. Birinda umwana kurwaragurika, kwangirika kw’inzira ye y’igogora, no kugwingira ku mubiri no mu bwenge.
Amashereka akorerwa mu dusabo twitwa “glandes mammaires” duherereye imbere mu mabere y’umugore.
Amashereka arimo ibyiciro 3:
1. Umuhondo: (Colostrum)
Ni amashereka ajya gusa n’unuhondo kandi afashe. Akorwa kuva ku munsi wa mbere umubyeyi abyaye kugeza ku munsi wa 5, iyo yonkeje. Mu ndimi z’amahanga bayita “colostrum”.
Ni amashereka make (ml 40 kugeza kuri 50 ku munsi) bijyanye n’agafu k’umwana kaba kakiri gato.
Ibigize amashereka y’umuhondo:
– Amazi (90%)
– Uturemangingo tuzima (cellules vivantes) n’abasirikare (globules blancs, anti-corps) barinda umubiri w’umwana.(1,9%)
– Ibyubakumubiri (proteines) bituma umwana akura (3,1%)
– Imyunyungugu, vitamines ndetse n’imisemburo ituna umwana asonza, agasinzira, ndetse agakunda nyina. (5%)
Aya mashereka y’umuhondo bamwe bayita “urukingo gakondo”’ cyangwa “zahabu y’amazi” kuko intungamubiri ziyagize n’akamaro zigirira uruhinja, nta kindi kiribwa zibamo.
2. Amashereka y’inzibacyuho (lait maternel de transition)
Ku munsi wa gatandatu umubyeyi abyaye, amashereka ariyongera mu ngano, akanatangira kweruruka kubera proteine bita “caseine” iba yabaye yiyongereye.
Agenda ahinduka kandi no mu biyagize. By’umwihariko, twa turemangingo tuzima (cellules vivantes) two mu muhondo turagabanuka. Ahubwo hakiyongera ibyubakumubiri bituma umwana akura.
3. Amashereka ya nyayo (lait maternel mature)
Nyuma y’ibyumweru bine unubyeyi yonsa, muri rusange, amashereka ariyongera akaba yagera kuri litiro imwe ku munsi. Bitewe n’uko n’igifu cy’umwana cyiba cyatangiye gukura no gukomera.
Aya mashereka agizwe na:
– Amazi: 87%
– Imyunyungugu (glucides): 7%
– Ibinure (lipides): 4%
Ibyubakumubiri (proteines): 1%
– Micro-nutrinents: 1%
Ingano mu bwinshi no mu bigize amashereka bishobora guhinduka bitewe n’ifunguro umubyeyi yafashe. Ni yo mpamvu ababyeyi bagirwa inama ya gufata indyo yuzuye kandi inyuranye.
Abahanga mu buzima bw’abana, bakurikije imitere n’imikorere y’ubuzima bw’unwana ukivuka, bavuga ko amashereka ari igitangaza cy’Imana kuko nta funguro ribaho ryayasimbura uko bikwiye.
